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Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County

Basic data
 

Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County is located in the northeastern part of Hungary. The area of the country can be divided into 7 regions; within the 7 regions there are 19 counties. Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County together with Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County and Hajdú-Bihar County constitute the North Great Plain Region.
The area of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County is 5936 km², 6,4 % of the territory of Hungary, with which it is the sixth county with the biggest territory. More than 45% of the population live in the 25 towns of the county, among which Nyíregyháza county seats stand out with its population of 130 thousand.

Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County is the most eastern county of Hungary. It is bordered by the Ukraine from the northeast, by Romania from southeast, by Hajdú-Bihar County from southwest, by Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County and Slovakia from the north.
The county – thanks to its geographical position – has a decisive role in the establishment and in the development of cross-border cooperation.

The area of the county can be divided into 12 small-regions:
Baktalórántháza small-region, Csenger small-region, Fehérgyarmat small-region, Ibrány-Nagyhalász small-region, Kisvárda small-region, Mátészalka small-region, Nagykálló small-region, Nyírbátor small-region, Nyíregyháza small-region, Tiszavasvári small-region, Vásárosnamény small-region, Záhony small-region.

Characteristic features of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County

• Favourable geopolitical location – cooperation opportunity with Slovakia, the Ukraine and Romania
• Its natural and tourism endowments provide opportunity for those wishing to relax and to heal/cure alike
• Diverse economic structure
• Relatively low wage- and production costs
• Area potential for establishing industrial parks
• Tradition in agricultural production

The economy of the County

In the economic life of the county agriculture was determinant in the course of history. The determinant product of the county is besides eared corns, maize, potato and sugar beet, besides these the cultivation of sunflower is also typical. The cultivation area of the determinant fruit cultures defining physiognomy – apple, plum, and sour cherry – is continuously changing. The cultivation area of all the orchards is near 35 thousand hectares. With this the county fruit producers produce more than 40% of the whole production of the country.

The production will is enhanced by the fact that in the last years the storage capacity in the country has been expanding, which assures longer storage and later marketing opportunities. The county livestock has been constantly decreasing in the last years due to the decline in keeping private farms, which is not counterbalanced by factory farm intensification either.

The industrial production of the county has been increasing recently, but it is still behind the national average. In the county’s industry constructional engineering has an increasingly greater role, which has achieved a significant rise in volume concerning both external and internal market sales. The productivity of food industry also shows a small-scale improvement. In the field of chemical industry the export increase is typical, and the constructional engineering production and the timber industry show a certain level of development, too. The industrial productivity of the county has improved and further modest increase of number is about to be shown. The performance of the building industry has improved significantly, though it does not reach the national average either. In the county the performance of building industrial sub-branches has further improved (e.g.: structure construction).

In the county the number of enterprises dealing with commercial activity has decreased, though a modest increase can be experienced in the turnover increase. In line with the national average the number of partnerships has expanded, the number of individual enterprises has lessened compared to previous years.
The number of the private entrepreneurs has decreased recently, though 64% of the economic organisations are still individual enterprises. In commerce and repair and economic services branches the individual enterprises are present in the highest number. In the county the entrepreneurial activity does not yet reach the national average since 81 registered enterprises falls on a thousand residents, contrary to the 118 national average. Among the county developments the value of industrial investments stand out, which significantly surpasses the average of previous years. The development of industrial branches aims only to preserve the investment stock, but in the building industry the increase is typically higher.

On the world market the products of the industrial enterprises of the county are well know, among others the products of Carl Zeiss, Michelin, Vibracoustic, Interspan and Unimatik. Out of the county enterprises more than in 3000 there are of foreign ownership. This proves the increase of foreign investors’ interest. In the county employment is still a problem, which has decreased lately though, but according to records it still surpasses 40 thousand.. Besides, the number of people seeking employment supported with active employment programmes is less in its ration than those in the year 2006. The number of the issued ad-hoc employment books increased to its one and a half times of its previous value in 2006, thus at the beginning of 2007 their number surpassed 35 thousand.

The economic and political lobby aspire to win central, regional and international sources at regional or at county level, as a result of which significant developments are realised in the county. Many enterprises have won support from European Union accession preparation funds, and other union and domestic resources with which newer opportunities will be available in the field of economic growth.

The drive of the county’s further development is the industrial park. The building-up of county self-governmental roads improved significantly, the highway number M3 decreased the road time between the capital and the county seat. Between the county seat and the capital there are more IC-trains running, and the number of international trains is also adequate. It is important that all settlements of the county shall be reached by coach, too. Concerning traffic infrastructure of the county the use of waterways is neglected. From traffic infrastructure point of view it is important that the airport in Nyíregyháza is suitable for serving international passenger traffic to a restricted measure.

Tourism and culture in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County

The number of foreign guests has declined lately and its distribution by nations has also changed. 62% of the foreign guests has come from EU countries. The domestic tourism of the county has also declined, in contradiction to the national average. As a consequence, the turnover of the county arising out of tourism has also declined. The catering industry network of the county is also diverse, and shows a complex picture, since beside family village-guest places hotel services meeting other demands are also found in the supply.

The county has put an emphasis on tourism infrastructure development in recent years. The River Tisza runs down the county on the length of 235 km, whose flood-plain vegetation and the sand of the banks in bends attracts tourists to relax and do water sports. The great many guests of Tisza-tours, the cyclist tourists and even those longing for the serenity of the village can find the opportunities meeting their needs here.
The physical geography of the county does not show a uniform picture, since it is divided into bigger units: Nyíregyháza and its surroundings Nyíri mezőség, Nyírség, Szatmári síkság, Beregi Tiszahát, Rétköz. All these areas have different features, thus those wishing to delight in the diverse countryside can find the perfect recreation place.

Nyíregyháza
The county seat of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County is Nyíregyháza. In 1785 it became a market-town, then 10 years later it became a town. The town privileged made Nyíregyháza to be the trade and industrial centre of Szabolcs County. Today the county and the town management is making all their efforts to boost it further as economic centre of the settlement. The central square of the town is Kossuth Square. Here was the Town Hall built in the 1870s. Further determinant buildings of Kossuth Square are Hotel Korona, the Savings’ Palace and the double-towered brick building of the Roman Catholic Church. The decorative top of Kossuth Square, the 9 round mosaics depicting the planets are the works of renowned artists. The prominent part of the square is the Kossuth statue, which was made in 1912.
Besides Kossuth Square many other squares in town offer something to see for the visiting tourists. The determinant sight of Országzászló Square is the monument to the Hungarian Hussar, on Kálvin Square the reformed church heightens. On Heroes’ square the visitors can delight in the building of the County Hall. The statue standing in the middle of October 23. Square is named as the wood of life
In the town centre is the Greek Catholic church located, the synagogue, the theatre and the library named after Móricz Zsigmond as well as the Town Gallery and the Jósa András Museum, which are also worth being discovered by tourists for their beauty and values.
For visitors it is worth having a look at the arboretum of the College of Nyíregyháza, where the interested can delight in rare tropical and domestic plants.

Sóstó
Just 5 kilometres from Nyíregyháza the popular holiday resort can be found. Sóstó is popular both with tourists and town population. Here can be found the most well known zoo in Central Europe, the Nyíregyháza Zoo, which expands on more than 20 hectares and presents animal species living in various parts of the world.
Next to the park the compelling Hotel Krúdy, the Bath House that is known as the town tub bath, which awaits the audience with varied programmes, and those staying here for a longer period in the county can find the ideal place for relaxation in the Bath House pension and Hotel Swiss House.
The Lake Bath expects visitors only in summer, while the Aquarius Aqua Park that was opened recently awaits those wishing to cure and do sports the whole year round. The thermal bath is suitable for treating locomotive disorders and as drinking cure for catarrhal diseases.
The most famous open-air museum of Hungary can be found at Sóstó. In the Village Museum there is opportunity to conserve folk traditions and to get to know the architectural past of the county.

Nyírség
Nyírség is the second largest territory of drift-sand. From tourism point of view the following settlements are worth visiting for those travelling to this region. In Levelek the lovers of fishing and water-sports can pursue their pleasure. Vaja is visited for its museum and castle. Nyírbátor is well known about its vivid art life (Music Days of Nyírbátor, Rhythm&Blues Festival, etc.). The fauna of the Ancient Moor of Bátorliget is unique, but the flora also provides interesting sights for the visitors. Máriapócs is the greatest shrine for Greek Catholics, which is famous for its altarpiece „Crying Madonna”. The Harangod Lake situated next to Nagykálló hosts summer tradition preservation camps of national fame and provides a pleasant relaxation for the hikers. In Kisvárda a castle ruin form the XV. Century, Castle Bath and Restaurant and an indoor swimming pool await the visitors. In Baktalórántháza can be found the Dégenfeld castle, where the park with unique population can be looked at. The settlement named Szabolcs is the name-giver settlement of the county; the sand castle of Szabolcs is well known in Europe. In Tiszadob can the Andrássy castle be found, which is surrounded by a beautiful park. Next to the castle a unique flora labyrinth in Hungary has been established.

Szatmár
In the Szatmár area Mátészalka, Kocsord, Túristvándi and Szatmárcseke offer unique sights. Mátészalka is the second largest town in the county, where the Szatmár Museum and the biggest wagon museum of Central and Eastern Europe can be found. The rare treasure of the settlement Kocsord is the castle park, where tulipwood, red oak and over a hundred-year-old maple-trees and basswood. In Túristvándi the water mill built at the end of the 18th Century, which is a unique structured industrial monument in Central Europe. Szatmárcseke has a sight of European level immediately: the „boat-shaped ” headboard reformed graveyard. Here you can find the monument of Ferenc Kölcsey, the author of Hymn.

Bereg
In the centre of Bereg can Vásárosnamény be found, where, the Bereg Museum, whose treasures are among others painted eggs, porcelain collection and the embroidery collection. Gergelyiugornya is a beloved holiday and bath resort by the Tisza. One of the most famous sights of Tarpa is the only surviving dry-mill. The curiosity of the settlement Tivadar the camping site settled down in the walnut-tree park, which is to be found on the Tisza bank. It is expected that the popularity of the region will be further increased by Szilva Bath, which offers domestic and foreign guests all the opportunities of the aqua park for relaxation.

The county is rich in cultural values, the series of events named Music Days in Nyírbátor, the Nyírség Autumn, the Festival of Trans-border Hungarian Theatres in Kisvárda and the Happy Art Festival in Nyíregyháza are internationally acknowledged and known. The performances of the Móricz Zsigmond Theatre, the shows of the Cantemus Choir mean a special experience throughout the year for the populous group of those interested in art. For the visitors of the county, the Nyíregyháza Zoo or the recently opened but already popular Aquarius Aqua Park offer leisure opportunities. Many museums offer exciting programmes and sights. The Village Museum in Sóstó presents the typical areas of the county, their building traditions, folk traditions, but also revives traditions through their regularly organised programmes. The collection of the Jósa András Museum includes the artefacts of excavations done in the area of the county, but the local history-, fine art-, handicraft-, and literature history collections are also significant. The Szatmár Museum is the local historical and ethnographical museum of the Szatmár area, its specialty is that the unique wagon museum is also hosted there. The recourse of data used: Statistical Circulars 2006. (Central Statistics Office), own surveys of the chamber, Cyclical-survey 2^nd term 2007.